A mob armed with guns and grenades launched a fiery attack on the U.S. Consulate, killing the U.S. ambassador to Libya and three other Americans. President Barack Obama strongly condemned the violence, vowed Wednesday to bring the killers to justice and tightened security at diplomatic posts around the world.
The attack that killed Ambassador Chris Stevens -- the first U.S. ambassador to die in the line of duty since 1979 -- came on Tuesday's 11th anniversary of the Sept. 11 terrorist strike and presented a new foreign policy crisis for the United States in a region trying to recover from months of upheaval.
While the deadly assault was initially blamed on an anti-Islamic YouTube video, U.S. officials say the Obama administration is also investigating whether it was a planned terrorist strike to mark the anniversary of 9/11. Intelligence officials said the attack on the Benghazi consulate was too coordinated or professional to be spontaneous, according to a U.S. counterterrorism official who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to discuss the incident publicly.
Libya's interim president, Mohammed el-Megarif, apologized for what he called the “cowardly” assault on the consulate, which also killed several Libyan security guards in the eastern city. Just before the Benghazi violence, protests also flared in Egypt, where crowds angry over the film climbed the walls of the U.S. Embassy in Cairo and tore down an American flag, which they replaced briefly with a black, Islamist flag.
The demonstrators in Cairo cited an obscure movie made in the United States by a filmmaker who calls Islam a “cancer.” Video excerpts posted on YouTube depict the Prophet Muhammad as a fraud, a womanizer and a madman in an overtly ridiculing way, showing him having sex and calling for massacres.
The brazen embassy assaults -- the first on U.S. diplomatic facilities in Libya and Egypt -- were signs of the lawlessness that has taken hold in the two countries after revolutions ousted their autocratic secular regimes and upended the tightly controlled police state. Islamists have emerged as powerful forces, and security forces have largely broken down.
In Libya, the volatility is further compounded by the wide availability of heavy weapons and the numerous armed militia factions that remain more powerful than security forces. Notably, an Islamic militant group known as the Omar Abdel-Rahman Brigades claimed responsibility in June for a bomb that went off outside the same U.S. Consulate in Benghazi, causing no injuries. The group at the time said the bombing was in retaliation for the killing of al-Qaida's then-number two, Abu Yahya al-Libi in a U.S. drone strike in Pakistan.
Stevens, 52, died as he and a group of embassy employees went to the consulate to try to evacuate staff during the attack late Tuesday by a mob of protesters, including gunmen armed with machine guns and rocket-propelled grenade, attacked.
The crowd, which numbered several thousand strong, moved on the consulate, firing in the air outside the compound. The consulate is a one-story villa located in a fenced garden in downtown Benghazi. A small contingent of Libyan security forces protecting the facility also fired in the air, trying to intimidate them, said Wanis el-Sharef, the deputy interior minister of Libya's eastern region.
But faced with the mob's superior size and firepower, the Libyan security withdrew, el-Sharef said. Gunmen stormed the building, looted its contents and torch it, he said.
By the end of the assault, much of the building was burned out and trashed. On Wednesday, Libyans wandered freely around the burned-out building, taking photos of rooms where furniture was covered in soot and overturned. Walls were scrawled with graffiti.
Details of how the Americans were killed were still being pieced together Wednesday. But according to al-Sharef's account, two distinct attacks took place.
Al-Sharef said Stevens and a consulate staffer who had stayed behind in the building were killed in the initial attack on the consulate.
The rest of the staff successfully evacuated to another building nearby, preparing to move to Benghazi Airport after daybreak to fly to the capital, Tripoli, he said.
Hours after the storming of the consulate, a separate group of gunmen attacked the other building, opening fire on the more than 30 Americans and Libyans inside. Two more Americans were killed and 32 wounded -- 14 Americans and 18 Libyans, he said.
There was no immediate confirmation of al-Sharef's account.
Dr. Ziad Abu Zeid, who treated Stevens, told The Associated Press that he died of asphyxiation, apparently from smoke. In a sign of the chaos during the attack, Stevens was brought by Libyans to the Benghazi Medical Center with no other Americans, and no one at the facility knew who he was, Abu Zeid said.
Stevens was practically dead when he arrived before 1 a.m. Wednesday, and “we tried to revive him for an hour and a half, but with no success,” Abu Zeid said. The ambassador was bleeding in his stomach because of the asphyxiation but had no other injuries, he said.
The State Department identified one of the other Americans killed as Sean Smith, a foreign service information management officer. The identities of the others were being withheld pending notification of next of kin.
“I strongly condemn the outrageous attack on our diplomatic facility in Benghazi,” Obama said in Washington, adding the four Americans “exemplified America's commitment to freedom, justice, and partnership with nations and people around the globe.”
Obama ordered increased security to protect American diplomatic personnel around world.
“Make no mistake we will work with the Libyan government to bring to justice the killers who attacked our people,” he said.
Obama added: “We reject all efforts to denigrate the religious beliefs of others, but there is absolutely no justification for this type of senseless violence, none.”
Stevens was a career diplomat who spoke Arabic and French and had already served two tours in Libya, including running the office in Benghazi during the revolt against Gadhafi. He was confirmed as ambassador to Libya by the Senate earlier this year.
Before Tuesday, five U.S. ambassadors had been killed in the line of duty, the last being Adolph Dubs in Afghanistan in 1979, according to the State Department.
El-Megarif offered his condolences to the U.S. and also vowed to bring the culprits to justice and maintain close relations with Washington.
“We extend our apology to America, the American people and the whole world,” el-Megarif said.
In Benghazi, the bloodshed stunned many Libyans, especially since Stevens was popular among many factions and politicians, including Islamists, and seen as a supporter of their uprising last year against longtime dictator Moammar Gahdafi.
The leader of Ansar al-Shariah, an armed ultraconservative Islamist group, denied any involvement in the attack.
“We never approve of killing civilians, especially those who helped us (like Ambassador Stevens),” said Youssef Jihani. “We are well-educated and religious.”
The violence raised worries that further protests could break out around the Muslim world as knowledge of the anti-Islam movie spread.
So far, the reaction was limited.
About 50 protesters burned American flags outside the U.S. Embassy in Tunisia's capital Wednesday but were kept away from the building by reinforced security. And in Gaza City, dozens of protesters carrying swords, axes and black flags chanted “Shame on everyone who insults the prophet.” The rally was organized by supporters of a militant group aligned with the ruling Hamas movement.
In Cairo, some 200 Islamists staged a second day of protest outside the U.S. Embassy on Wednesday, but there was no repeat of the previous day's scaling the embassy walls.
“Obama we are all Osama,” chanted some of the bearded ultraconservatives, alluding to the al-Qaida leader Osama bin Laden.
Mahmoud Mohammed, a 25-year-old factory worker, demanded a U.S. apology for the offending film and the prosecution of those behind it. “They violated the honor of the prophet and his wives, and made him out to be sex crazed. This is nonsense,” he said.
The uproar over the film also poses a new test for Egypt's new Islamist president, Mohammed Morsi, who has yet to personally condemn the riot outside the U.S. Embassy in Cairo or say anything about the offending film. Many of the protesters demanded he speak out against the movie.
His spokesman, Yasser Ali, condemned the film. While the government is responsible for the security of foreign diplomatic missions, he said, it guarantees the right of peaceful protests.
“However, the state will deal firmly with any irresponsible attempts to break the law,” he said.
Egypt's top prosecutor, meanwhile, has placed the names of 10 Christian Egyptians living abroad on the list of arrest-on-arrival at the nation's airports. The 10 include two clerics and a well-known, U.S.-based Christian activist who is promoting the offending film.
If arrested, the 10 would be questioned on allegations of showing contempt to religion and could possibly be charged and tried.
Afghanistan's government sought to avert an outbreak of protests. President Hamid Karzai condemned the movie, which he describes as “inhuman and insulting.” Authorities also temporarily shut down access to YouTube, the video-sharing site where excerpts of the movie were posted, said Aimal Marjan, general director of Information Technology at the Ministry of Communications.
The two-hour movie that sparked the protests, titled “Innocence of Muslims,” came to attention in Egypt after its trailer was dubbed into Arabic and posted on YouTube.
A man identifying himself as Sam Bacile, a 56-year-old California real estate developer, said he wrote, produced and directed the movie.
He told the AP he was an Israeli Jew and an American citizen. But Israeli officials said they had not heard of Bacile and there was no record of him being a citizen. They spoke on condition of anonymity because they are not permitted to share personal information with the media.
Separately, the film was being promoted by an extreme anti-Muslim Egyptian Christian campaigner in the United States. (AP)
<관련 한글 기사>
美대사 사망! 9.11겨냥 기획테러?
미국 정부는 리비아 동부 벵가지의 영사관 피습이 `9ㆍ11 테러' 11주년을 겨냥한 이슬람 무장 세력의 소행일 가능성에 무게를 두고 있다고 폭스뉴스 등 미국 언론이 12일(현지시간) 보도했다.
사건 정황으로 미뤄 우발적인 폭력사태가 아니라 사전에 치밀한 계획이 있었을 가능성이 높다는 분석이다.
이에 따라 국무부를 비롯한 당국이 전면적인 조사에 나선 것으로 알려졌다.
이번 영사관 피습으로 인해 리비아 주재 미국 대사 크리스토퍼 스티븐스(52)를 포함해 4명이 사망했다.
버락 오바마 행정부의 한 고위 당국자는 폭스뉴스와의 인터뷰에서 섣부른 결론은 경계하고 있다면서도 초기 조사 결과 이번 공격이 사전에 계획됐다는 징후를 발견했다고 말했다.
하원 정보위원장 마이크 로저스 의원도 "의심할 여지 없이 이는 공모에 의한 것"이라면서 "이번 공격은 군대나 특공대 방식으로 군이 개입됐을 것"이라고 지적한 뒤 "명확한 목표물을 겨냥해 치밀하게 계획된 공격"이라고 주장했다.
피트 혹스트라 전 하원 정보위원장은 국제 테러조직 알 카에다의 연루 가능성을 제기했다.
혹스트라 전 위원장은 "우리는 수년간 알 카에다와 극단적 이슬람 무장단체들이 9ㆍ11 테러 기념일을 `축하'할 것이라는 얘기를 들어왔다"면서 "내가 들은 바로는 이를 우연이라고 볼 수 없다"고 말했다.
그는 이슬람을 `모욕'한 영화에 항의하는 시위대가 트리폴리가 아닌 벵가지를 겨냥했다는 점에 주목하며 "이 곳에는 크리스토퍼 스티븐스 대사가 머물고 있었고 시위대는 완전 무장하고 있었다"고 강조했다.
그는 특히 알 카에다 지도자 아이만 알 자와히리가 최근 공개한 영상물에서 이슬람 무장단체들에 대해 미국인들에 대한 공격을 촉구한 것도 우연의 일치가 아니라 고 지적했다.
로저스 의원 역시 CNN과의 인터뷰에서 이번 일에 "알카에다 방식의 사건이 갖는 모든 특징이 있다"고 주장했다.
그는 이 사건이 벌어진 날짜가 중요하냐는 질문에 자신의 연방수사국(FBI) 근무 경력을 거론한 뒤 "하루에 벌어진 모든 일이 우연이라고 생각하지 않는다"고 답했다 .
익명을 요구한 복수의 정부 당국자들도 AP통신과의 인터뷰에서 이번 공격은 매우 조직적이고 전문적인 소행으로 판단된다면서 테러 가능성에 대해 조사에 나섰다고 밝혔다.
한 정부 고위 관리는 AFP와의 인터뷰에서 이번 일의 사전 계획 가능성을 "현실성 있는 가설"이라며 공격자들이 이슬람교 모독 영화에 대한 비난 시위를 "기회로 이용했다고 생각된다"고 말했다.
미 연방수사국도 이번 피습 사태에 대한 조사에 참여하면서 `계획된 테러'라는 주장이 설득력을 얻고 있다.
FBI는 이날 성명에서 "4명의 미국 국민 사망과 영사관 공격에 대한 조사를 시작 했다"면서 "요원들은 국무부 및 리비아 현지 관계자들과 긴밀하게 협조할 것"이라고 밝혔다.
다만 "이번 공격을 둘러싼 사실 관계와 배경에 대해서 추측하지 않을 것"이라고 밝혀 `사전계획설'에 대해서는 신중한 태도를 보였다.
영국 BBC뉴스는 아마드 지브릴 영국 주재 리비아 부대사의 말을 인용해 이번 공 격이 극단주의 단체 안사르 알샤리아에 의해 행해졌다고 전했다.
리비아 동부 시레나이카에서 활동하는 이 단체는 비교적 최근에 결성됐지만 여러 번의 테러 전력이 있으며, 지난해 리비아 동부지역에 이슬람주의 국가 수립 운동 을 벌이다 실패한 것으로 알려졌다.
리비아에서 무장집단 지도자로 활동하다 영국에서 극단주의 반대운동을 벌이고 있는 노만 베노트만은 CNN 기고에서 이 사건이 시위 도중에 일어났고 리비아인이나 이슬람교도의 분위기를 대변하는 것처럼 인식되도록 만들려는 게 극단주의자들의 의 도라고 지적했다.
그는 리비아는 물론 중동의 극단주의자들이 미국인을 살해하면 현지 주민들로부터 지지를 얻을 수 있다고 여기고 있지만 이는 완전한 오판이라고 비판했다.
이번 사건을 다룬 중동 언론 보도에 따르면 20~80명으로 추정되는 공격자들은 시위가 진행되고 있던 벵가지의 미국 영사관 앞에 픽업트럭 여러 대를 타고 나타났으며, 소총은 물론 14.5㎜ 기관총과 휴대용로켓포도 갖고 있었다.
