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Sven Serrano, a history teacher at Shanghai High School, stands outside the main building of the school on Jan. 14, displaying photos taken when it was used by the Japanese as a prison camp during World War II. (AFP-Yonhap) |
SHANGHAI (AFP) ― No public memorial marks the former Shanghai internment camp made famous by J.G. Ballard’s novel “Empire of the Sun,” where more than 1,800 foreigners were held by the Japanese during World War II.
Ballard’s fictionalized version of his experiences in the Lunghwa camp was published 30 years ago, followed in 1987 by the Steven Spielberg film starring a young Christian Bale as Jim Graham, a boy who comes of age on his own in the facility.
The site is now an elite government-run school in Shanghai’s southern suburbs, where Chinese students are unaware internees once slept in their grey classroom buildings.
The only reminder is a small, easily-ignored display in a private campus museum, and Shanghai High School graduate Lucy Zhang said, “When I studied here, I was not aware of this part of history. It was not mentioned in class.”
The Chinese government is embroiled in a territorial dispute with Tokyo and regularly publicizes Japanese atrocities against its people from the 1930s to the end of World War II.
A far smaller number of foreigners lived in China at the time, but their sufferings have gone largely ignored.
An American teacher at the school, Sven Serrano, is trying to change that, lecturing on the history of the camp to foreign students in the school’s international section, showing visitors around and developing an online app about the site.
The school demolished the former G Block, where Ballard lived with his family, to make space for a swimming pool but eight other buildings still stand, including the dining hall and assembly center, Serrano said.
“I’m always concerned that I’ll wake up one morning and the wrecking ball has been taken to one of our precious old buildings,” he told AFP.
“I don’t see any way how we’re going to have any memorial plaque. They just don’t want to make a really big deal of it,” he said ― adding one reason for the sensitivity was Japanese students attending the school.
Former internee Betty Barr entered the Lunghwa camp in 1943 at the age of 10 with her Scottish missionary father, American mother and older brother.
Her most vivid memories are blistering summers, freezing winters and an obsession with food.
“I was old enough to know what was happening. I didn’t think it was a picnic,” said Barr, 80, during a return visit.
She still guiltily recalls taking a sip of milk produced by the camp’s only cow from a mug she was taking to her brother in the hospital.
“My father rose to be the manager of the kitchen, though he could not boil an egg, because he could be trusted not to steal vegetables,” she said.
Japan set up more than 20 internment camps holding around 14,000 people in China and Hong Kong, then a British colony, according to Greg Leck, author of “Captives of Empire,” about the Japanese internment of Allied civilians from 1941 to 1945.
Shanghai, an international commercial city where overseas citizens enjoyed legal privileges and comfortable lifestyles in foreign “concessions,” had 12 camps.
“Hunger and malnutrition, more than anything else, made conditions more severe,” he said. “Medical service personnel were confronted with every type of ailment ... aggravated by lack of clothing, poor housing, poor sanitation, over-crowding and the stresses associated with captivity.”
