유엔 안전보장이사회(안보리)는 17일(현지시간) 극단주의 무장단체 이슬람국가(IS)의 테러 관련 자금의 모금과 이동을 금지하는 내용의 결의안을 채택했다.
유엔 안보리는 이날 이사국 재무장관 회의를 열어 유엔이 과거 채택한 알카에다 제재 결의안의 대상을 IS 등으로 확대하는 내용의 결의안을 만장일치로 채택했다.
유엔 안보리가 재무장관 회의를 연 것은 이번이 처음으로 전세계적으로 벌어지는 IS의 테러 위협을 그만큼 심각하게 여긴다는 뜻이다.
앞서 안보리는 '9·11 테러' 직후 알카에다의 자금줄을 차단하는 결의안을 채택했다. 따라서 유엔 안보리가 이번 결의안을 통해 IS를 알카에다 만큼이나 심각한 국제사회의 공적으로 지목한 것이다.
이날 안보리가 채택한 결의안은 IS와 관련한 테러 자금의 모금, 거래, 이동 등을 차단하는 것으로 'IS의 모든 자금줄'을 끊는다는게 뼈대다.
결의안은 테러 자금 조달을 차단하는 것이 유엔 회원국의 우선 사항이며 모든 국가가 적절한 조치를 해야 한다는 내용을 담았다.
이에 따라 유엔 회원국들은 IS의 주요 활동 지역인 이라크, 시리아, 예멘, 리비아로 대원이나 무기, 물자가 유입되는 것을 막아야 한다.
특히 IS가 원유 밀거래로 얻은 자산을 동결하고, IS와 같은 테러 조직의 자금 조달원인 예술품 밀거래에도 유엔 회원국이 특별히 주의해야 한다는 내용도 포함됐다.
결의안에 따라 유엔 회원국들은 IS 테러 자금과 관련한 정보를 공유하고 테러 자금을 추적할 공통 기준을 개발해야 한다.
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(Yonhap) |
<관련 영문 기사>
UN adopts resolution to disrupt Islamic State funds
The U.N. Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution Thursday aimed at disrupting revenue that the Islamic State extremist group gets from oil and antiquities sales, ransom payments and other criminal activities _ a goal that finance ministers agree will be challenging.
The Islamic State group, also known as ISIL and Daesh, is already subject to U.N. sanctions under resolutions dealing with al-Qaida. The resolution, sponsored by the United States and Russia, elevates IS to the same level as al-Qaida, reflecting its growing threat and split from the terror network behind the 9/11 attacks.
It makes “association with ISIL” as well as al-Qaida a critera for sanctions including a financial freeze, travel ban and arms embargo.
U.S. Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew, who chaired the meeting, called ISIL “a challenging financial target” because unlike other “terror groups” like al-Qaida it gets a relatively small share of its funding from donors abroad.
The Islamic State group controls a large swath of Syria and Iraq, including oil and gas fields, though bombing campaigns by the U.S.-led coalition and ground forces have enabled Iraq to regain some territory.
France’s Finance Minister Michel Sapin told the council that no country is safe from ISIL attacks, the most recent in Paris and California, and that since June 2014 some 1,600 people around the world have been killed in attacks by the extremist group or groups loyal to them.
While foreign ministers from the 15 council nations will be meeting in New York on Friday to discuss a political solution to the Syrian civil war, he said every country has to play a part in stemming the flow of money to extremist groups which are fueling conflicts.
“What sets Daesh apart and makes it so powerful is the fact that it has amassed a sizable war chest by a variety of means including smuggling, extortion and trafficking,” Sapin said. “There is no crime that Daesh will not commit to finance itself.”
Lew said ISIL generates funds from economic activity and the resources in territory under its control and its financing “has evolved from seizing territory and looting bank vaults to leveraging more renewable revenue streams.”
So far, he said, “ISIL has reaped an estimated $500 million from black market oil and millions more from the people it brutalizes and extorts.”
At the same time, Lew said, ISIL has vulnerabilities because it needs large and sustained streams of income to pay fighters, procure weapons, and provide basic services for people living in areas it controls.
He stressed that IS needs access to the international financial system for oil equipment, weapons, communications equipment and other imported items which requires them to move funds _ and that provides opportunities for attack.
To cut off oil revenue, Lew said the U.S.-led coalition has been attacking ISIL’s entire oil supply chain from oil fields and refineries to destroying nearly 400 of its tanker trucks in the past month.
He said the United States is also working with its partners to target ISIL’s key “financial facilitators.”
Britain’s Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne said the extremist group’s oil revenues are estimated to represent 40-45 percent of IS’ income.
“The good news is that it’s diminishing as a combination of the kind of financial action we’re taking, and frankly military action against the oil fields are having their effect, and that’s something we should welcome,” Osborne said.
But France’s Sapin said the international community will only be able to target the extremists’ revenue from areas it controls “by destroying Daesh.”
The U.N. resolutions, he stressed, are part of a broader effort to fight financing for ISIL, al-Qaida and other extremist groups.
Sapin told the council that last month’s Paris attacks were largely financed through pre-paid cards whose buyers and recipients can’t be traced. He called for regulations that do away with anonymous transactions.
The resolution adopted Thursday is drafted under Chapter 7 of the U.N. Charter, which can be militarily enforced.
It urges countries to share information about extremist groups and encourages the 193 U.N. member states “to more actively submit” names for inclusion on the sanctions list. It also expresses “increasing concern” at the failure of countries to implement previous sanctions resolutions.
Je-Yoon Shin, head of the multinational Financial Action Task Force which has set global standards to combat the financing of extremists, said all countries must focus urgently on implementing the standards and not just pass laws and regulations.
While half of those countries found with serious problems in the last two months have introduced laws to address them, he said only a small number of countries “have secured convictions for terrorist financing” and most are too slow in implementing asset freezes.
The resolution calls for a report within 120 days on what every country is doing to tackle the financing of IS and al-Qaida.
It also requests Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to provide an initial “strategic-level report” in 45 days on the sources of financing of IS and associated groups, including through illicit trade in oil, antiquities and other natural resources, as well as their planning and facilitation of attacks, and to provide updates every four months. (AP)
